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  • Italian in Thirty Short Lessons
    Italiano in Trenta Brevi Lezioni
    by Giancarlo v. Nacher Malvaioli

    Eleventh Lesson
    Lezione Undicesima (undiCEsima)

    DIRECT AND INDIRECT PRONOUNS
    PRONOMI COMPLEMENTO DIRETTO E INDIRETTO

    direct singularsindirect singulars
    mi
    ti
    lo
    la
    la
    (formal)
    (me-to me)
    (you-to you)
    (him-to him)
    (her-to her)
    (you-to you)
    mi
    ti
    gli
    le
    le
    (formal)
    (me-to me)
    (you-to you)
    (him-to him)
    (her-to her)
    (you-to you)
    direct pluralsindirect plurals
    ci
    vi (informal)
    li
    le
    (us-to us)
    (you-to you)
    (them-to them & you m.p.*)
    (them-to them & you f.p.*)
    ci
    vi (informal)
    loro
    loro (formal)
    (us-to us)
    (you-to you)
    (them-to them m.f.p.)
    (you m.f.p.)
    * m.p.=masculine pluralf.p.=feminine plural)

    Examples: Emilio mi chiama e tu mi scrivi (Emil calls me, and you write to me), io ti amo (or io t'amo) (I love you), Giulia lo sposa (Julia marries him), Dario non la sposa (Darius doesn't marry her), (lei) la vende la casa? (formal) (do you sell the house?), Fabrizio le telefona (teLEfona) oggi (formal)- Fabrizio ti telefona questa sera (informal) ( Fabrizio calls you today. Fabrizio calls you this evening), Filippo gli telefona ogni giorno (Philip calls him every day), ), perché non ci telefoni (teLEfoni) domani? (Why don't you call us tomorrow?), lui ci da un fiore (he gives us a flower), lei gli da un libro (she gives him a book), io li invito a casa mia (I invite them to my house), (io) le invito a una festa da ballo (I invite them to a dance party), Jacqueline vi manda questo pacco di caramelle e cioccolate (Jacqueline sends you this package with caramels and chocolates), (io) do loro un orologio d'oro (I give them a golden watch).

    • Loro (plural always goes after the verb).
    REFLEXIVE VERBS
    VERBI RIFLESSIVI

    Notice that Italian reflexive verbs are formed by adding -si to the infinitive:

    pettinarsi (to comb oneself), perdersi (PERdersi) (to get lost), ricordarsi (to remember), scordarsi (to forget), lavarsi (to wash oneself), annoiarsi (to annoy oneself), divertirsi (to enjoy oneself), svegliarsi (to wake up), lamentarsi (to complain), and many others; examples:

    divertirsi
    (io) mi diverto
    (tu) ti diverti
    (lui, lei) si diverte
    (lei) si diverte
    (noi) ci divertiamo
    (voi) vi divertite
    (essi, esse, loro) si divertono (diVERtono)
    (io) mi lavo
    (tu) ti lavi
    (lui, lei) si lava
    (lei) si lava
    (noi) ci laviamo
    (voi) vi lavate
    (essi, esse, loro) si lavano (LAvano)
    (to enjoy oneself)
    I enjoy myself
    you enjoy yourself
    he, she, it enjoys himself, herself, itself
    you enjoy yourself
    we enjoy ourselves
    you enjoy yourselves
    they enjoy themselves
    I wash myself
    etc.
    etc.
    etc.
    etc.
    etc.
    etc.

    Examples: mi diverto sempre quando vedo la televisione (I always enjoy myself when I watch television), quando andiamo a teatro ci piace molto d'ascoltare la musica (MUsica) dell'opera (LOpera)-(when we go to the theatre we amuse ourselves a lot listening to the music of the opera), voi vi lavate con acqua tiepida (TIEpida) (calda), io invece mi lavo spesso con acqua fredda (you wash yourselves with warm (hot) water, on the contrary I often wash myself with cold water), (lei) si lava ogni mattina nella vasca da bagno (You wash yourself every morning in the bathtub), gli uccelli si bagnano nell'acqua del fiume (birds wash themselves in the water of the river), io mi ricordo di ciò che m'hai detto l'altro ieri, ma tu ti scordi di ciò che t'ho detto due ore fa (I remember what you have told me the day before yesterday, but you forget what I have told you two hours ago).

    Print This Lesson

    Lesson/Lezione
    1
    11
    21
    2
    12
    22
    3
    13
    23
    4
    14
    24
    5
    15
    25
    6
    16
    26
    7
    17
    27
    8
    18
    28
    9
    19
    29
    10
    20
    30
    Index/Indice
    Share

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